Mary Girsch-Bock studied accounting and business at UIC. After working as an accountant for many years in various industries, including healthcare and property management, she returned to her first love, writing. She specialized in accounting and business articles, with an emphasis on software reviews, which she wrote for more than 20 years. She continues to write for the first publication she ever wrote for, CPA Practice Advisor, while blogging for several software companies.
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There are many accounting ratios that can be particularly helpful for your small business, but for those offering credit terms to their customers, none is as useful as the accounts receivable turnover ratio.
While it may sound complicated, calculating your accounts receivable turnover ratio is a lot easier than you may think. Read on as we provide you with easy steps and a formula for calculating your accounts receivable turnover ratio.
If you’re familiar with bookkeeping basics and double-entry accounting, you know that accounts receivable is part of the accounting cycle. Calculating your accounts receivable turnover ratio helps you measure how effectively you manage your credit customers, and more importantly, how quickly you collect on their balances due.
Your staff bookkeeper or accountant or you can easily calculate your accounts receivable turnover using a simple formula which we will provide you along with tips on what the results mean.
Particularly useful when preparing financial projections, knowing your accounts receivable turnover ratio can give you greater insights into your business operations, allowing you to analyze and alter processes if necessary.
The accounts receivable turnover formula is easy to understand, even for small business owners without an accounting background, and all you’ll need is access to your financial statements to calculate your own ratio.
Follow along as we give you step-by-step instructions on how to calculate your accounts receivable turnover ratio.
Your first step to calculating your accounts receivable turnover is to obtain your net sales for the year. You can get this number from your income statement or profit and loss statement.
Your income statement for the year will provide you with net sales for your business. Image source: Author
If you only sell on credit you won’t need to adjust your sales totals, but if you have cash sales as well, you will want to make an adjustment to your sales number before using it in your equation.
For instance, let’s use the following calculation to determine your net credit sales.
| Sales | $55,000 |
|---|---|
| Cash Sales | -$2,000 |
| Returns | -$550 |
| Net Credit Sales | $52,450 |
We will use $52,450 as our net credit sales total going forward.
Pro Tip: Be sure you only include credit sales in your calculation, since you are calculating your accounts receivable efficiency, you don’t want to include any cash sales. You will also want to subtract any adjustments such as returns.
In order to complete the next step, which is calculating your average accounts receivable balance, you will need to run a balance sheet.
Your balance sheet is where you obtain the accounts receivable balance for a particular date. Image source: Author
You can run a balance sheet as of the first day of the year and the last day of the year, or you can run a comparative statement, which will give you totals for the last day of the previous year and the last day of the current year. Either method will give you your beginning and ending accounts receivable balances.
For the purpose of our calculation, we’ll say that our accounts receivable beginning balance as of 01/01/2019 was $2,700, with a 12/31/2019 ending balance of $2,500.
Pro Tip: Be sure that all of your transactions have been posted properly before you run your balance sheet in order to ensure that your calculations will be accurate.
Your next step is to calculate your average accounts receivable balance. This is done by adding your beginning accounts receivable balance from January of 2019 to your December 2019 ending balance, and then dividing the total by two to obtain your accounts receivable average. The formula would be:
($2,700 + $2,500) ÷ 2 = $2,600
That means that $2,600 is your average accounts receivable balance for the year.
Pro Tip: Be sure to complete the calculation by dividing the numbers by two in order to get your average, or your ratio will be incorrect.
You have your net sales of $52,450 and your accounts receivable average of $2,600. You can now calculate your ratio. Here is the accounts receivable turnover equation or formula to use:
$52,450 net credit sales ÷ $2,600 = 20.17
Congratulations! You’ve calculated your accounts receivable turnover ratio. Now, what does it mean?
Pro Tip: Before you calculate this or any accounting ratio, be sure you understand what the result means.
Accounts receivable turnover measures how effective your current accounts receivable collection processes are. But what exactly is A/R turnover, and what does it mean? A/R turnover is simply how quickly you collect on your accounts receivable balances.
If your customers frequently pay late, then chances are your number will be low. But if you rarely have a past-due customer, your accounts receivable turnover number will be higher.
But how do we know what the number means? In a nutshell, the higher the number, the faster you’re collecting on your accounts receivable.
To see how quickly, divide the number of days in the year by your result number, which in our case is 20.17:
365 ÷ 20.17 = 18.09
This means that your accounts receivable balances on average were being collected every 18 days.
While any accounting software that can track sales and accounts receivable can be used to determine your accounts receivable turnover ratio, these applications offer standout report capability, as well as a solid sales module to properly track your gross and net sales totals.
AccountEdge Pro is an on-premise application that offers small businesses everything they need to properly manage sales, including quotes, sales order processing, and invoice creation.
AccountEdge Pro offers excellent sales, invoicing, and reporting capabilities. Image source: Author
AccountEdge Pro lets you track both cash and credit sales, a necessity for calculating accounts receivable turnover ratio properly. It also offers excellent reporting capability including complete financial statements along with audit trail reports.
AccountEdge Pro is available starting at $149 annually. If you need remote connectivity, AccountEdge Pro Connect is available at an additional $25 per month.
Sage 50cloud Accounting is a hybrid small business accounting application that offers on-premise installation as well as online access via Microsoft Office 365.
Sage 50cloud Accounting includes a variety of accounts receivable reporting options. Image source: Author
The customer and sales navigation center in Sage 50cloud Accounting offers excellent management for all sales tasks, including quotes, proposals, sales orders, and invoicing.
You can easily track both cash and credit sales in the application, with easy accounts receivable tracking included. Reporting options are excellent in Sage 50cloud Accounting with complete financial statements, accounts receivable, and account reconciliation reports available.
Sage 50cloud Accounting starts at $278.95 annually for the Pro version of the application. Those interested in the more powerful Quantum Plan, which supports up to 40 users, can obtain pricing directly from Sage.
QuickBooks Online offers good sales and accounts receivable management in an easy to use application. Good for small and growing businesses, QuickBooks Online includes excellent reporting capability.
QuickBooks Online includes excellent reporting options for both you and your accountant. Image source: Author
QuickBooks Online Sales feature lets you assign customers credit terms, create invoices, and manage both customers and past due invoices from the sales screen. Reporting options are also good in QuickBooks Online, with the ability to create financial statements as well as various accounts receivable and sales reports.
QuickBooks Online starts at $10 per month for the first three months, with the Plus version running $35 per month for the first three months, with access to numerous apps available as well.
FreshBooks is best suited for smaller businesses, particularly those that sell services rather than products, but offers excellent sales and invoicing capability, as well as integration with numerous apps in a variety of categories.
FreshBooks offers excellent reporting capability. Image source: Author
While FreshBooks doesn’t offer a structured sales module, it does include client estimates and invoicing, with the ability to track both cash and credit sales. FreshBooks reporting options are fairly basic, but both financial statements and sales reports are available.
FreshBooks starts at $15 per month for the Lite version, with the Premium plan priced at $50 per month.
Depending on the type of accounting you are doing, understanding accounts receivable turnover ratios can be useful.
Of course, if your business has limited customers or you rarely offer credit to customers, calculating your accounts receivable turnover ratio will likely be of little use to you.
But for those that sell on credit and have numerous customers, knowing how fast your accounts receivable balance turns over can be valuable, allowing you to make adjustments in your business operations if the number is too low, or even too high. It’s easy to calculate, and easy to interpret, so why not calculate your accounts receivable turnover ratio today?
To learn more about other small business accounting software that can help small businesses with accounts receivable management, check out our accounting reviews.